The palm kernel cake (BIS) that is sold https://karuniatinggiindonesia.com/pke-palm-kernel-expeller/ is one of the by-products of palm kernel processing with a content of 45-46% of palm kernel. BIS generally contains less than 10% water and 60% nutritional fractions in the form of cellulose, fat, protein, arabinoxylan , glucuronoxylan, and minerals. This material can be obtained by chemical processes or by mechanical means. Although the BIS protein is low, the quality is quite good and the crude fiber is high. However, BIS has a low palatability, making it less suitable for monogastric livestock and more often given to ruminants, especially dairy cows.
Benefit
With its relatively large nutritional composition and production, BIS has the potential as a feed ingredient, both for ruminants and nonruminants. Although BIS can be used as animal feed, it turns out there are problems found in BIS, namely the quality of BIS varies depending on the oil content of BIS and oil palm shell contamination, and the amino acid content is not balanced. In addition, the BIS digestibility value was also quite low, both dry matter digestibility and protein and amino acid digestibility. Therefore, when using high amounts of BIS, the preparation of the feed must be arranged in such a way that it is based on digested nutrients.
Improve quality
To overcome the problem of low BIS digestibility, it is necessary to increase the digestibility of oil palm meal by adding enzymes (cellulase, xylanase, amylase, protease, and phytase) so that the nutrients in BIS can be maximized. In addition, solid substrate fermentation can also be carried out using protease and carbohydrate-producing microbes, such as Rhizopus oligosporus, Aspergillus niger or Eupenicilium javanicum. This mold can reduce levels of crude fiber and neutral detergent fiber. In addition, the BIS fermentation with mold resulted in an increase in protein and carbohydrate digestibility. The growth of mold in this fermentation is influenced by the water content, where the optimum moisture content is around 40-60%. Thus, it is expected that feed ingredients are produced in large quantities and of good quality
Palm kernel meal can usually be given at 30% in animal feed. However, according to Batubara et al. (1993) Palm kernel meal can be used up to 40% in concentrates for fattening livestock supplemented with 20% molasses. Feed consisting only of 75% palm kernel meal and 25% molasses can be given for animal feed and will produce a digestibility of 82.6%, this is not significantly different from the digestibility of high quality concentrate feed which is 84.3%, whereas without molasses only 77.8%.In animal feed additives containing palm kernel expeller cake which is up to 55.5%, molasses is used up to 7.50% and produces the same live weight gain as commercial concentrates. Based on research using palm kernel cake as much as 30% plus 3.25% molasses and other ingredients for livestock, the results can be equal to those of cattle fed conventional feed.
